Written by Sarah, staff member, Lou Duggan Creative Studio, Central Library
A Brief History of Rug Hooking
Rug hooking is a traditional fibre art that has deep roots in Atlantic Canada. Known for its intricate designs and creative use of materials, rug hooking is a versatile craft that can be used to create everything from functional floor coverings to decorative pillows, wall hangings, and even coasters. At its core, rug hooking involves pulling colourful strips of fabric or yarn through a sturdy woven base, creating loops that form beautiful patterns and textures.
While rug hooking as we know it today has a special place in Atlantic Canadian culture, its origins stretch back much further. Some of the earliest examples of looped rugs have been discovered in Egyptian tombs. Evidence suggests that the Vikings brought this craft to Scotland, where it continued to evolve. By the 19th century, rug hooking became particularly popular in England, where workers in weaving mills would repurpose small fabric scraps (called thrums) into home projects.
Rug Hooking in Atlantic Canada
The craft took root in North America during the 1800s, especially in Atlantic Canada and New England, where it became known as Primitive Rug Hooking. In these early days, rug makers—often called “hookers”—would tear old clothing into strips and hook them through burlap sacks, creating warm, functional floor coverings. It was considered a craft of poverty born out of necessity, making use of fabric scraps and discarded materials to create rugs that were both beautiful and practical.
By the early 20th century, rug hooking began to gain popularity, especially with the introduction of commercial patterns. In Newfoundland, there are stories of peddlers traveling door-to-door, buying and trading for hand-hooked rugs that would later be sold in Upper Canada. In Nova Scotia, a man named John E. Garrett began printing burlap patterns from his home in New Glasgow. His “Bluenose Patterns, opens a new window” became so popular that at one point, Garrett's company was the largest producer of rug hooking patterns in the world.
However, with the rise of mass-produced carpets and affordable flooring, rug hooking saw a decline in interest by the mid-1900s. By the 1970s, it was considered a quaint folk craft of the past. But as often happens with traditional arts, small groups of passionate enthusiasts worked to preserve the craft. In 1979, the The Rug Hooking Guild of Nova Scotia, opens a new window (RHGNS) was formed to promote and support the art of rug hooking, and in 2011, the The Hooked Rug Museum of Nova Scotia, opens a new window in Queensland opened its doors, ensuring that this unique part of our cultural heritage would not be forgotten.
A Craft for Today
In recent years, rug hooking has experienced a resurgence. It's now seen as a creative, accessible, and even meditative craft that welcomes beginners and seasoned crafters alike. The craft offers endless possibilities for exploring texture, colour, and design, making it a favorite for artists and hobbyists. Beginner rug hooking kits can be found in many local shops, and the art form is gaining recognition thanks in part to the efforts of influential artists like Newfoundland’s Deanne Fitzpatrick, opens a new window, whose workshops, kits, and stunning designs have sparked renewed interest.
Rug Hooking at Halifax Public Libraries
At Halifax Public Libraries, we’re excited to be part of this revival. Several of our branches offer drop-in fibre arts programs, opens a new window where crafters can come together to work on their projects, including rug hooking. It's a great opportunity to meet like-minded individuals, share tips, and enjoy the therapeutic nature of crafting in good company.
At the Central Library, we offer a Rug Hooking Cutter, a handy tool that makes cutting wool fabric into strips much easier. This tool is available for use during our our Creative Studio DIY and Sew Creative Programs, opens a new window. We also occasionally host introductory rug hooking workshops, so be sure to keep an eye on our What's On calendar for upcoming classes.
The Library Loopers are a group of dedicated rug hookers who share their passion for their craft with anyone who is interested in hooking. They have been gathering at Keshen Goodman Public Library for several years now, and continue to gather every Friday morning with new members joining them seemingly every week. This has a lot to do with their warmth, kindness, and willingness to share their knowledge and supplies. They are loosely guided by Cathy B, who keeps them in touch with Library news and each other.
Whether you’re an experienced rug hooker or just curious to try your hand at this timeless craft, Halifax Public Libraries is here to support your creative journey.
References
Books
Rug Hooking With Deanne Fitzpatrick
Websites
Rug Hooking Guild of Nova Scotia, opens a new window
Rug Hooking Museum of Nova Scotia, opens a new window
New Hampshire Folk Life, opens a new window
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